The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the French league winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.